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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0052, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521787

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Waardenburg syndrome is a rare congenital genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities of the hair, skin, and eyes. Based on the different clinical presentations, it is divided into four subtypes as in WS1 to WS4. This report describes a 15-year-old boy who presented with low vision and bilateral hearing loss. His visual acuity was 20/200 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed complete iris heterochromia, with one blue iris and one brown iris. Fundus examination showed symmetrical pigmentation of the retina and choroid, with atrophy of the pigment epithelium in the macular region, notably also in the eye with normal iris pigment illustrating the broad spectrum of the iris and fundus pigmentation as part of this syndrome. A carefully clinical and ophthalmological evaluation should be done to differentiate various types of Waardenburg syndrome and other associated auditory-pigmentary syndrome. Early diagnosis in some cases may be crucial for the adequate development of patients affected with this condition.


RESUMO A síndrome de Waardenburg é uma doença genética congênita rara caracterizada por perda auditiva neurossensorial e anormalidades pigmentares do cabelo, da pele e dos olhos. Com base nas diferentes apresentações clínicas, é dividida em quatro subtipos (WS1 a WS4). Este relato descreve o caso de um menino de 15 anos que apresentava baixa visão e perda auditiva bilateral. Sua acuidade visual era de 20/200 em ambos os olhos. O exame em lâmpada de fenda revelou heterocromia completa da íris, com uma íris azul e uma íris marrom. A fundoscopia mostrou pigmentação simétrica da retina e coroide, com atrofia do epitélio pigmentar na região macular, notadamente também no olho com pigmento de íris normal, ilustrando o amplo espectro de pigmentação de íris e fundo como parte dessa síndrome. Uma avaliação clínica e oftalmológica criteriosa deve ser feita para diferenciar os vários tipos de síndrome de Waardenburg e outras síndromes auditivo-pigmentares associadas. O diagnóstico precoce em alguns casos pode ser crucial para o desenvolvimento adequado dos pacientes acometidos por essa condição.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Waardenburg Syndrome/complications , Iris Diseases/diagnosis , Iris Diseases/etiology , Pigmentation Disorders/etiology , Waardenburg Syndrome/diagnosis , Visual Acuity , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0017, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431668

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A doença de Tay-Sachs é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo autossômico recessivo, o qual envolve o metabolismo dos lipídios, levando ao acúmulo de gangliosídeos nos tecidos, devido à deficiência da enzima hexosaminidase A. Esse depósito progressivo resulta em perda da função neurológica e, quando acomete as células ganglionares da mácula, causa o achado típico da doença, a "mácula em cereja". A patologia é diagnosticada por meio dos níveis de hexosaminidase A e hexosaminidase total no soro, além análise do DNA do gene HEXA. Este caso relata uma criança com doença de Tay-Sachs cujo diagnóstico foi suspeitado por conta dos achados oftalmológicos.


ABSTRACT Tay-Sachs Disease is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder, which involves the metabolism of lipids, leading to the accumulation of gangliosides in the tissues, due to the deficiency of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A. This progressive deposit results in loss of neurological function and, when it affects macula ganglion cells, it causes the typical disease finding, the "cherry red spot". The pathology is diagnosed through the levels of Hex A and total Hexosaminidase in the serum, in addition to the analysis of the DNA of the HEXA gene. This case reports a child with Tay-Sachs disease with a suspected diagnosis was through ophthalmologic findings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Tay-Sachs Disease/complications , Tay-Sachs Disease/genetics , Retina , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Tay-Sachs Disease/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Hexosaminidase A/genetics , Macula Lutea/pathology
3.
Colomb. med ; 52(1): e7024059, Jan.-Mar. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249642

ABSTRACT

Abstract Case description: Case of lipemia retinalis secondary to hyperchylomicronemia in a 40-year-old man with a history of total body irradiation and immunosuppressive treatment that was attended in this hospital due to decreased visual acuity and abdominal pain. Clinical findings: Hyperchylomicronemia caused the development of acute pancreatitis and lipemia retinalis. The latter is an infrequent ocular manifestation that reflects excessive triglyceride blood levels in the organism (>2,000 mg/dL). Lipemia retinalis is characterized by the accumulation of chylomicrons in the retinal vessels, which gives them a white and creamy appearance in direct retinal ophthalmoscopy. The initial clinical suspicion of hyperchylomicronemia was based on the visualization of the supernatant in the analytical tube. Treatment and result: In the absence of definitive biochemical results, and owing to the need for special processing of the sample, lipid-lowering treatment and serum therapy were established after ophthalmological confirmation of lipemia retinalis, with subsequent full recovery of visual acuity. Clinical relevance: Given the initial difficulty to determine the accurate triglyceride levels in this kind of patient, early visualization of milky-colored retinal vessels on a salmon-colored eye fundus can help develop an early clinical suspicion of severe hyperchylomicronemia and contribute to limit the severity of complications.


Resumen Descripción del caso: Caso de lipemia retinalis secundaria a hiperquilomicronemia en varón de 40 años con antecedentes de irradiación corporal total y medicación inmunosupresora que acude al hospital por disminución de agudeza visual y dolor abdominal. Hallazgos clínicos: La hiperquilomicronemia contribuyó al desarrollo de pancreatitis aguda y lipemia retinalis. Esta última es una manifestación ocular infrecuente que refleja unos parámetros excesivos de triglicéridos en el organismo (>2,000 mg/dL). La Lipemia Retinalis consiste en la acumulación de quilomicrones en los vasos retinianos lo que les confiere un aspecto blanco y cremoso en la oftalmoscopia retiniana directa. La sospecha clínica inicial de hiperquilomicronemia se produjo por la visualización de sobrenadante en el tubo analítico. Tratamiento y resultado: Sin tener resultados definitivos bioquímicos, por necesidad de procesamiento especial de la muestra, se instauró tratamiento hipolipemiante y sueroterapia tras la confirmación oftalmológica de Lipemia Retinalis con recuperación total de la agudeza visual. Relevancia clínica: Dada la dificultad inicial para determinar las cifras reales de triglicéridos en este tipo de pacientes, la visualización precoz de vasos retinianos de color lechoso sobre lecho de color asalmonado en el fondo de ojo puede ser de ayuda para elaborar una sospecha clínica temprana de hiperquilomicronemia severa que contribuya a limitar la gravedad de las complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Pancreatitis , Retinal Diseases , Hypertriglyceridemia , Hyperlipidemias , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Acute Disease
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(1): 56-58, jan.-fev. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251313

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by the development of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and by gestational morbidity (recurrent fetal losses) in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who was diagnosed with primary APS from thromboembolic abnormalities in the retinal periphery that led to retinal ischemia. The aim of this study is to share with physicians and medical undergraduates an atypical manifestation of the syndrome that is the most common acquired thrombophilia, that should be part of the diagnostic routine of all clinical specialties.


RESUMO A síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídio (SAAF) caracteriza-se pelo desenvolvimento de tromboses venosas e/ou arteriais e pela morbidade gestacional (perdas fetais recorrentes) na presença de anticorpos antifosfolipídicos. Foi relatado o caso de uma paciente de 38 anos que foi diagnosticada com SAAF primária, a partir de alterações tromboembólicas na periferia da retina, que levaram à isquemia retiniana. O objetivo desse estudo é compartilhar com médicos e acadêmicos de medicina uma manifestação atípica da síndrome que é a trombofilia adquirida mais comum, devendo fazer parte da rotina diagnóstica de todas as especialidades clínicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Ischemia/etiology , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Thrombosis , Fluorescein Angiography , Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Ischemia/diagnosis
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(4): e0025, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288629

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Ocular involvement can occur at any time, and it may affect 10% of patients in the secondary stage, and from 2% to 5% in the tertiary stage. Uveitis is the most common presentation of ocular syphilis, affecting 0.4% to 8% of patients with systemic disease. Chorioretinitis is the most common posterior alteration. We present the case of a 53-year-old male patient, presenting with bilateral low visual acuity and nyctalopia for 3 years. His physical examination revealed decreased pupillary reflex, anterior vitreous cells, physiologic papillae, arteriolar attenuation, reduced foveal reflex, diffuse retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, peripapillary and perivascular punctate pigment accumulation and peripheral chorioretinitis. Full-field electroretinogram was extinct in both eyes. Treponemal syphilis test was positive. Previously diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa, evolved to blindness, despite proper treatment. Our case shows syphilis as a significant cause of blindness. Atypical presentations of retinitis pigmentosa must warn ophthalmologists to etiologies of pseudoretinitis pigmentosa, such as syphilis.


RESUMO A sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível causada pela espiroqueta Treponema pallidum. A sífilis ocular pode ocorrer em qualquer estágio da doença, chegando a 10% na forma secundária e a 2% a 5% em sua forma terciária. A uveíte é a manifestação ocular mais comum, ocorrendo em 0,4% a 8% dos pacientes com a doença sistêmica. A coriorretinite é a manifestação mais comum do segmento posterior. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 53 anos, com queixa de baixa acuidade visual e nictalopia há ٣ anos. Seu exame físico revelou lentificação dos reflexos pupilares, celularidade no vítreo anterior, papilas fisiológicas, atenuação arteriolar, redução do reflexo foveal, atrofia difusa do epitélio pigmentar da retina, acúmulo punctato de pigmento em regiões peripapilar e perivascular e coriorretinite periférica. Eletrorretinograma de campo total extinto em ambos os olhos. O teste treponêmico foi positivo. Foi previamente diagnosticado como portador de retinose pigmentar, evoluindo com cegueira, a despeito do tratamento correto instituído. Esse caso mostra a sífilis como importante causadora de cegueira. Casos atípicos de retinose pigmentar devem alertar o oftalmologista para causas de pseudorretinose pigmentar, como a sífilis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Syphilis/complications , Retinitis Pigmentosa/etiology , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Syphilis Serodiagnosis/methods , Fluorescein Angiography , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/drug therapy , Visual Acuity , Uveitis, Posterior/diagnosis , Uveitis, Posterior/etiology , Retinitis Pigmentosa/diagnosis , Blindness/etiology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Electroretinography , Fundus Oculi
6.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 79(1): 69-70, Jan.-Feb. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092664

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hemoglobin C is the second most frequent Hb variant in Brazil and the world. Hemoglobin C trait is described as a benign and asymptomatic condition. There is little information in the literature about the association of retinal vascular disease and the presence of hemoglobin AC, being this information restricted to a few case reports. This case report describes a 26-year-old female patient with hemoglobin C trait. She presents areas of non-perfusion and arteriovenous shunts in the retinal temporal periphery of the left eye, like changes in Goldberg's stage II of proliferative sickle retinopathy. After three years of follow-up, the patient exhibits the same the alteration in right eye as well.


Resumo A hemoglobina C é a segunda variante de hemoglobina mais comum no Brasil e no mundo. O traço C é descrito como uma condição benigna e assintomática. Há pouca informação na literatura sobre a associação de doença vascular retiniana e a presença de hemoglobina AC, sendo esta informação restrita a alguns poucos relatos de casos. Este relato de caso descreve uma paciente do gênero feminino de 26 anos de idade com traço C. Ela apresenta áreas de não perfusão e shunts artério-venosos na periferia temporal da retina do olho esquerdo, similar ao estágio II de Goldberg de retinopatia proliferativa falciforme. Após três anos de acompanhamento, a paciente apresentou a mesma alteração também em olho direito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Hemoglobin C Disease/complications , Retinal Diseases/blood , Hemoglobin C Disease/blood , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood
7.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 79(1): 28-32, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092655

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de alterações na fundoscopia de pacientes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e/ou Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) encaminhados ao Serviço de Referência de Oftalmologia, localizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Patos, Paraíba (PB). Metodos: Estudo de caráter descritivo, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa, que envolveu um total de 22 pacientes. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário sobre a saúde ocular. Além disso, os integrantes da pesquisa participaram do teste da acuidade visual de Snellen e acuidade visual para perto, da medida da pressão intra-ocular e do exame da oftalmoscopia direta. Os que obtiveram pior acuidade visual foram conduzidos para a realização de retinografia. Os dados foram avaliados através de análises estatísticas utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS. Resultados: Do total de 22 pacientes, 11 foram submetidos ao exame de retinografia. Destes, 36,3 % eram apenas diabéticos; 27,4% eram apenas hipertensos e 36,3% eram diabéticos e hipertensos. As principais alterações encontradas foram retinopatia diabética, retinopatia hipertensiva, catarata, glaucoma, nevus de coroide, retinose pigmentar e estafiloma peripapilar. Conclusão: Percebe-se que DM e HAS tem grande impacto negativo sobre a saúde ocular. Para diminuir esse efeito nocivo é necessário que o exame de fundo de olho seja realizado anualmente com a finalidade de diagnosticar precocemente certas patologias e evitar complicações futuras, culminando em menores custos para o sistema de saúde e mais qualidade de vida para os pacientes.


Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence of alterations in funduscopy of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and/or Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) referred to the Ophthalmology Reference Service, located in a Basic Health Unit of the city of Patos, Paraíba). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which involving a total of 22 patients. For data collection, a questionnaire on ocular health was used. In addition, the research members participated in the Snellen visual acuity test and visual acuity near, intraocular pressure measurement and direct ophthalmoscopy examination. Those who obtained worse visual acuity were conducted for retinography. The data were evaluated through statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS. Results: Of the total of 22 patients, 11 were submitted to retinography. Of these, 36.3% were diabetics only; 27.4% were hypertensive only and 36.3% were diabetic and hypertensive. The main alterations found were diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, choroidal nevus, pigmentary retinitis and peripapillary staphyloma. Conclusion: It is noticed that DM and SAH have a great negative impact on ocular health. To reduce this harmful effect it is necessary that the fundus eye exam be performed annually for the purpose of early diagnosis of certain pathologies and avoid future complications, culminating in lower costs for the health system and more quality of life for patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ophthalmoscopy/methods , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Diabetes Complications , Hypertension/complications , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Tonometry, Ocular , Visual Acuity , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/statistics & numerical data , Eye Diseases/etiology , Eye Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fundus Oculi , Intraocular Pressure
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(3): 183-188, May-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001301

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To test the hypothesis that Chagas disease predisposes to optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer alterations. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 41 patients diagnosed with Chagas disease and 41 controls, paired by sex and age. The patients underwent ophthalmologic examinations, including intraocular pressure measurements, optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer screening with retinography, optical coherence tomography, and standard automated perimetry. Results: All of the patients with Chagas disease had a recent cardiologic study; 15 (36.6%) had heart failure, 14 (34.1%) had cardiac form without left ventricular dysfunction, and 12 (29.3%) had indeterminate form. Optic nerve/retinal nerve fiber layer alterations were observed in 24 patients (58.5%) in the Chagas disease group and 7 controls (17.1%) (p£0.01). Among these, optic nerve pallor, optic nerve alterations suggestive of glaucoma, notch, peripapillary hemorrhage, and localized retinal nerve fiber layer defect were detected. Alterations were more prominent in patients with Chagas disease and heart failure (11 patients), although they also occurred in those with Chagas disease without left ventricular dysfunction (7 patients) and those with indeterminate form (6 patients). Optical coherence tomography showed that themean of the average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured 89 ± 9.7 mm, and the mean of retinal nerve fiber layer superior and inferior thickness measured 109 ± 17.5 and 113 ± 16.8 mm, respectively were lower in patients with Chagas disease. In controls, these values were 94 ± 10.6 (p=0.02); 117 ± 18.1 (p=0.04), and 122 ± 18.4 mm (p=0.03). Conclusion: Changes in optic nerve/ retinal nerve fiber layer were more prevalent in patients with Chagas disease.


RESUMO Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que a doença de Chagas predispõe a alterações no nervo óptico e camada de fibras nervosas peripapilar. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 41 pacientes diagnosticados com doença de Chagas e 41 controles, pareados por sexo e idade. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exames oftalmológicos, incluindo medida da pressão intraocular, avaliação do nervo óptico e camada de fibras nervosas através de retinografia, tomografia de coerência óptica e perimetria automatizada padrão. Resultados: Todos os pacientes com doença de Chagas apresentavam estudo cardiológico recente; 15 pacientes (36,6%) apresentavam insuficiência cardíaca; 14 (34,1%) forma cardíaca sem disfunção de ventrículo esquerdo e 12 (29,3%), forma indeterminada. Alterações do nervo óptico/camada de fibras nervosas foram observadas em 24 pacientes (58,5%) do grupo com doença de Chagas e 07 controles (17,1%) (p£0,01). Dentre estas, palidez do nervo óptico, alterações do nervo óptico sugestivas de glaucoma, entalhe, hemorragia peripapilar e defeito da camada de fibras localizado foram detectados. As alterações foram mais proeminentes nos pacientes com doença de Chagas e insuficiência cardíaca (11 pacientes) embora também ocorressem naqueles com doença de Chagas sem disfunção de ventrículo esquerdo (7 pacientes) e com forma indeterminada (6 pacientes). A tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou que a média da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina mediu 89 ± 9,7 mm), e a média da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas superior e inferior mediu 109 ± 17,5 e 113 ± 16,8 mm, respectivamente, foi menor em pacientes com doença de Chagas. Nos controles, esses valores foram de 94 ± 10,6 mm (p=0,02); 117 ± 18,1 (p=0,04) e 122 ± 18,4 mm (p=0,03). Conclusão: Alterações do nervo óptico/camada de fibras nervosas da retina foram mais prevalentes nos pacientes com doença de Chagas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Optic Nerve/pathology , Retina/pathology , Chagas Disease/pathology , Nerve Fibers/pathology , Optic Nerve/physiopathology , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Retina/physiopathology , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Retinal Diseases/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Optic Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Optic Nerve Diseases/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analysis of Variance , Chagas Disease/complications , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Field Tests , Intraocular Pressure
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(1): 6-11, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973873

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Obesity is associated with eye diseases, but the underlying structural changes and pathogenic mechanisms have not been examined in detail. Here, we assessed the effects of morbid obesity on the morphometric indices of eye disease. Methods: Morbidly obese volunteers (n=101, body mass index [BMI] ³40) and healthy individuals (n=95, BMI: 18.50-24.99) were examined by Goldman applanation tonometry, pachymetry, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, axial length, central corneal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, central foveal thickness, and choroidal thickness were compared between groups. Results: Uncorrected intraocular pressure was significantly greater in the morbidly obese group than in the healthy control group (15.5 ± 2.5 vs. 14.5 ± 2.6 mmHg, p=0.009), whereas axial length, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness did not differ between the groups. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness at the temporal quadrant was reduced in the morbidly obese group (72.7 ± 13.6 vs. 85.05 ± 52.6 mm, p=0.024). Similarly, the mean retinal thicknesses at nasal and temporal 1500-mm locations were lower in the morbidly obese group (346.6 ± 18.2 vs. 353.7 ± 18.8 mm, p=0.008; 323.1 ± 20.3 vs. 330.0 ± 18.9 mm, p=0.001). The mean choroidal thickness was also reduced in almost all measurement locations (fovea, temporal 500 and 1000 mm, and nasal 500, 1000, and 1500 mm) of the obese group (p<0.05). Weight and BMI were negatively correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (r=-0.186, p=0.009; r=-0.173, p=0.015). Conclusion: Morbid obesity is associated with elevated uncorrected intraocular pressure and signs of neuropathy and retinopathy. Obesity may thus increase the risks of glaucoma and glaucomatous optic neuropathy.


RESUMO Objetivo: A obesidade está associada a doenças oulares, mas as mudanças estruturais subjacentes e os mecanismos patogênicos não foram examinados detalhadamente. Aqui avaliamos os efeitos da obesidade mórbida nos índices morfométricos da doença ocular. Métodos: Voluntários obesos mórbidos (n=101, índice de massa corporal ³40) e indivíduos saudáveis (n=95, índice de massa corporal 18,50 a 24,99) foram examinados por tonometria de aplanação de Goldman, paquimetria e tomografia de coerência óptica de domício espectral. A pressão intraocular, profundidade da câmara anterior, comprimento axial, espessura central da córnea, espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina, espessura foveal central e espessura da coroide foram comparadas entre os grupos. Resultados: A pressão intraocular não corrigida foi significativamente maior no grupo com obesidade mórbida do que no grupo controle saudável (15,5 ± 2,5 vs. 14,5 ± 2,6 mmHg, p=0,009), enquanto que o comprimento axial, profundidade da câmara anterior e espessura central da córnea não diferiram entre os grupos. A espessura média da camada de fibras nervosas da retina no quadrante temporal foi reduzida no grupo com obesidade mórbida (72,7 ± 13,6 vs. 85,05 ± 52,6 mm, p=0,024). Da mesma forma, a média das espesuras da retinianas nas localizações nasal e temporal de 1500 m foi menor no grupo com obesidade mórbida (346,6 ± 18,2 mm vs. 353,7 ± 18,8 mm, p=0,008; 323,1 ± 20,3 mm vs. 330,0 ± 18,9 mm, p=0,001). A espessura média da coroide também foi reduzida em quase todos os locais de mensuração (fóvea, temporal 500 e 1000 mm, nasal 500, 1000 e 1500 mm) do grupo obeso (p<0,05). Peso e índice de massa corporal foram negativamente correlacionados com a espessura da coroide subfoveal (r=-0,186, p=0,009; r=-0,173, p=0,015). Conclusão: A obesidade mórbida está associada à elevada pressão intraocular não corrigida e a sinais de neuropatia e retinopatia. A obesidade pode, assim, aumentar os riscos de glaucoma e neuropatia óptica glaucomatosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Choroid Diseases/etiology , Retina/pathology , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Choroid Diseases/physiopathology , Glaucoma/etiology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Choroid/pathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Corneal Pachymetry/methods , Intraocular Pressure
10.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(3): 156-158, May-June 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959084

ABSTRACT

Abstract The authors report a case of retinal fold after retinal detachment repair performed using 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy technic (PPV). The fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a posterior retinal fold with the retina periphery attached. The patient's best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 with severe metamorphopsia. A 25-gauge PPV, subretinal balanced saline solution (BSS) injection using a 25-39-gauge cannula, and gas-fluid exchange were performed. The patient's BCVA improved significantly after treatment. The retinal fold observed is not a frequent complication and can be managed with PPV, subretinal BSS injection and fluid-air exchange.


Resumo Os autores relatam um caso de dobra retiniana após a cirurgia de reparação de descolamento de retina realizada com vitrectomia via pars plana de 23 gauge (VVPP). A retinografia e a tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) mostraram uma dobra posterior da retina com a periferia da retina colada. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida do paciente foi de 20/200 e severa metamorfopsia. Foi realizada uma VVPP de 25G, injeção subretiniana de solução salina balanceada (BSS) utilizando uma cânula de calibre 25-39 e troca de fluido-gasosa. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida do paciente melhorou significativamente após o tratamento. A dobra retiniana não é uma complicação freqüente e pode ser tratada com VVPP, realização de injeção subretiniana de BSS e troca fluido-gasosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Vitrectomy/adverse effects , Retinal Detachment/surgery , Ophthalmic Solutions , Postoperative Complications , Retinal Diseases/surgery , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Vitrectomy/methods , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Intravitreal Injections , Macula Lutea
11.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(3): 164-167, May-June 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-959080

ABSTRACT

Resumo Um traumatismo ocular contuso pode gerar uma vasta gama de lesões intraoculares que são dependentes da quantidade de energia que o objeto transfere ao olho durante o impacto. As lesões da íris, malha trabecular e corpo ciliar podem repercutir na drenagem do humor aquoso. A ocorrência de uma ciclodiálise caracterizada pelo descolamento do corpo ciliar da parede escleral, criando uma comunicação entre a câmara anterior e o espaço supracoroidiano, pode provocar importante redução da pressão intraocular. Esta diminuição pressórica é a responsável pela ocorrência da maculopatia hipotônica que pode cursar com diminuição irreversível da acuidade visual. Não existe consenso na literatura sobre o tratamento das ciclodiálises. Neste relato, descrevemos um caso de ciclodiálise traumática pós impacto com projétil de arma de fogo tratada com aplicação de laser de argônio.


Abstract Blunt eye trauma can generate a wide range of intraocular lesions that are dependent on the amount of energy the object transfers to the eye during the impact. Lesions of the iris, trabecular meshwork and ciliary body may influence aqueous humor drainage. The cyclodialysis which is characterized by the detachment of ciliary body from the scleral wall, creating a communication between the anterior chamber to supracoroid space, can cause a several reduction of intraocular pressure. This pressure decrease is responsible for the occurrence of hypotonic maculopathy which may induce a severe impact on visual acuity. There is no consensus in the literature about cyclodialysis treatment. In this report, we describe a case of traumatic cyclodialysis after impact with a firearm projectile treated with argon laser photocoagulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Wounds, Gunshot/complications , Ocular Hypotension/etiology , Eye Injuries/complications , Ophthalmoscopy , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Diseases/therapy , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Vitreous Hemorrhage , Visual Acuity , Ocular Hypotension/therapy , Ciliary Body , Ultrasonography , Laser Coagulation/methods , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Eyelids/injuries , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Gonioscopy , Macula Lutea/diagnostic imaging
12.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 55(2): 188-191, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950507

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease is a systemic inflammatory disease classified as Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis. It could present extra intestinal findings, such as fever, weight loss, arthralgia, mucocutaneous lesions, hepatic, renal and ophthalmological involvement. Among ophthalmological findings, posterior segment findings are present in less than 1% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, however, these findings could bring definitive visual impairment. OBJECTIVE: Our study objective was to evaluate ocular posterior segment findings is patients with inflammatory bowel disease, through retinal mapping, color fundus retinography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, and compare our results to literature. METHODS: We evaluated eighty patients with inflammatory bowel disease through complete ophthalmological examination and posterior segment assessment. Color fundus retinography, OCT and OCT angiography was performed with Topcon Triton (Topcon ® , Tokyo, Japan). Macula and posterior pole were evaluated with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus biomicroscopy. RESULTS: Participants mean age was 44.16 years (18.08-68.58), 28 (35%) male patients and 52 (65%) female patients. Thirty-five (44%) with diagnosis of Crohn disease, 41 (52%) patients with diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and 3 (4%) had non-conclusive Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis classification. We found abnormal exams in 21 (26.25%) patients. CONCLUSION: Our study found similar prevalence of ophthalmological posterior segment commitment compared to previous literature prevalence. The findings were predominantly unrelated to inflammatory bowel disease, rather than primarily related to it. The most prevalent, and non-previous reported, finding was increased arteriolar tortuosity, probably occurs due to systemic vascular impairment in inflammatory bowel disease.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais são doenças inflamatórias sistêmicas que podem ser divididas em doença de Crohn ou retocolite ulcerativa. Além do quadro intestinal, elas podem apresentar sintomas extra intestinais como febre, perda de peso, artralgia, lesões mucocutâneas, acometimento hepatobiliar, acometimento renal e oftalmológico. Entre os achados oftalmológicos descritos, alterações de segmentos posterior são encontrados em menos de 1% dos pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal, porém, tais achados podem levar à baixa acuidade visual definitiva. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do nosso trabalho foi avaliar alterações em segmento posterior através de retinografia colorida, mapeamento de retina, tomografia de coerência óptica e OCT angiography e comparar nossos resultados com o da literatura. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 80 pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo e a avaliação do segmento posterior. Foi realizada tomografia de coerência óptica em aparelho Triton (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), retinografia colorida e OCT angiography. Mácula e polo posterior foram avaliados através de oftalmoscopia binocular indireta e biomicroscopia de fundo. RESULTADOS: Entre os participantes, a média de idade foi de 44,16 anos (18,08-68,58), 28 (35%) participantes do sexo masculino e 52 (65%) do sexo feminino. Trinta e cinco (44%) pacientes com diagnóstico de doença de Crohn, 41 (52%) pacientes com diagnóstico de retocolite ulcerativa e 3 (4%) pacientes em que não era possível classificar como doença de Crohn ou retocolite ulcerativa. Entre as avaliações de polo posterior, foram encontrados achados em exame de 21 pacientes, o que corresponde a 26,25% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo encontrou resultados de prevalência de achados em exame de segmento posterior semelhante aos estudos prévios da literatura. Os achados foram de forma predominante não primariamente relacionados à doença inflamatória intestinal. O achado mais prevalente, e não previamente reportado, foi aumento de tortuosidade arteriolar, que provavelmente ocorre por envolvimento vascular sistêmico nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Fluorescein Angiography , Cross-Sectional Studies , Posterior Capsule of the Lens , Middle Aged
13.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(12): 1100-1103, Dec. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896325

ABSTRACT

Summary Hemoglobinopathies are a group of hereditary diseases that cause quantitative or qualitative changes in the shape, function or synthesis of hemoglobin. One of the most common is sickle cell anemia, which, due to sickling of erythrocytes, causes vaso-occlusive phenomena. Among the possible ocular manifestations, the most representative is retinopathy, which can lead to blindness if left untreated. Therefore, periodic ophthalmologic monitoring of these patients is important for early diagnosis and adequate therapeutic management, which can be done localy by treating the lesions in the eyes, or systemically.


Resumo As hemoglobinopatias são um grupo de doenças hereditárias que causam alterações quantitativas ou qualitativas no formato, na função ou na síntese de hemoglobinas. Uma das mais comuns é a anemia falciforme, cuja patogenia é a foicização das hemácias, causando fenômenos vaso-oclusivos. Dentre as manifestações oculares possíveis, a mais representativa é a retinopatia, que pode levar à cegueira caso não seja tratada. Por isso, é importante que haja o acompanhamento oftalmológico periódico desses pacientes, a fim de obter diagnóstico precoce e abordagem terapêutica adequada. Esta última pode ser de maneira direta, com tratamento das lesões oculares, ou de forma sistêmica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/therapy , Retinal Vessels , Hemoglobin, Sickle/analysis , Fluorescein Angiography , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis , Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy
14.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(3): 1063-1068, Sept. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893094

ABSTRACT

Head trauma affects the optic nerve visual function and visual acuity. As a result of head trauma occurring in the retina of the various biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical effects were investigated. The protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum was evaluated on the damage to the retina of the rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to traumatic brain injury with a weight-drop device using 300 g-1 m weight-height impact. Thirty rats were divided into three groups as group 1 control, 2 group trauma, 3 group trauma+Gonoderma lucidum (20 mL/kg per day via gastric gavage) Ganoderma lucidum was administered for 7 days after trauma.All rats were decapitated 5 days after the induction of trauma, and the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum in retina were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. The antioxidant effect of Ganoderma lucidum on the cellular degeneration extracellular matrix and retinal barrier in retina after head trauma was investigated.


El traumatismo craneal afecta al nervio óptico en relación a su función y la agudeza visual. Se estudiaron los diversos efectos bioquímicos, histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos en la retina producidos por una lesión y trauma a la cabeza. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto protector de Gonaderin lucidum sobre el daño a la retina de ratas. Ratas Sprague-Dawley fueron sometidas a una lesión cerebral traumática con un dispositivo de caída de peso usando un impacto de 300 g-1 m de peso-altura. Treinta ratas se dividieron en tres grupos: grupo 1, de control; grupo 2, trauma; grupo 3, de trauma + Gonoderma lucidum (20 ml / kg día, a través de una sonda gástrica). Ganoderma lucidum se administró durante 7 días después del trauma. Todas las ratas fueron decapitadas 5 días después. La inducción del trauma y los efectos protectores de Ganoderma lucidum en la retina fueron evaluados mediante análisis histológicos, inmunohistoquímicos y bioquímicos. Se investigó el efecto antioxidante de Ganoderma lucidum sobre la degeneración celular en la matriz extracelular y la barrera retiniana en la retina después del traumatismo craneal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Reishi/chemistry , Retinal Diseases/drug therapy , Antioxidants/metabolism , Craniocerebral Trauma/drug therapy , Immunohistochemistry , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Retina/pathology
15.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(3): e175-e178, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887331

ABSTRACT

La cardiopatia congènita crítica (CCC) podría provocar cambios en la vasculatura de la retina. Sin embargo, no se dispone de suficientes datos sobre este problema en los recién nacidos. Se evaluaron los cambios en la vasculatura retiniana en una serie de 43 recién nacidos con CCC. Se los dividió en dos grupos según el tipo de CCC; grupo 1 (n= 18): CCC obstructiva izquierda y grupo 2 (n= 25): CCC obstructiva derecha. Se detectaron enfermedades vasculares retinianas en 21 pacientes (48,8%); estas fueron más frecuentes en el grupo 1 (p= 0,04). La patología más común fue la tortuosidad vascular retiniana, observada en seis pacientes (33,3%) del grupo 1 y en 4 (16,0%) del grupo 2. Ninguno de los 21 pacientes con cambios en la vasculatura de la retina requirió tratamiento durante el seguimiento. En un análisis multivariado, solo la CCC obstructiva izquierda estuvo asociada con el desarrollo de enfermedad vascular retiniana (P= 0,03, razón de probabilidades --#91;OR--#93;: 2,8, intervalo de confianza --#91;IC--#93; del 95%: 1,1-7,4). Los cambios vasculares retinianos son frecuentes en los recién nacidos con CCC.


Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) may cause changes in retinal vasculature. However, there is lack of data in this issue in newborns. We evaluated retinovascular changes in a series of 43 newborn with CCHD. They were divided into 2 groups according to the type of CCHD; group 1 (n= 18): left obstructive CCHD and group 2 (n= 25): right obstructive CCHD. Retinovascular pathologies were detected in 21 patients (48.8%); it was more frequent in group 1 (p= 0.04). The most common pathology was retinal vascular tortuosity in 6 patients (33.3%) of group 1, and 4 (16.0%) in group 2. None of 21 patients with retinovascular changes required any therapy at follow-up. In multivariate analysis, only having a left obstructive CCHD was associated with the development of any retinovascular pathology (P= 0.03, OR: 2.8, CI95%: 1.1-7.4). Retinovascular changes are frequent in newborn patients with CCHD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Retinal Vessels , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Critical Illness
16.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(5): 396-397, sept.-out. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798067

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We describe a six-year-old boy with a history of hematuria, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and dots and fleck retinopathy. Alport syndrome should be ruled out in patients presenting with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy or anterior lenticonus and a family history of renal disease.


RESUMO Descrevemos um paciente de 6 anos de idade com história de hematúria, distrofia corneana polimorfa posterior e retinopatia em "dots and flecks". Síndrome de Alport deve ser excluída se o paciente apresentar com distrofia corneana polimorfa posterior ou lenticone anterior com historia familiar de doença renal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/etiology , Nephritis, Hereditary/complications , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/diagnosis , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Nephritis, Hereditary/genetics
17.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(2): 150-153, Mar.-Apr. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-779963

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Paciente do sexo feminino, portadora de glaucoma juvenil sem controle clínico adequado, foi submetida à trabeculectomia com mitomicina C, após a qual, desenvolveu hipotensão ocular refratária às medidas conservadoras, evoluindo com um quadro de maculopatia hipotônica. Foi realizado um implante de enxerto de retalho escleral de doador sobre a fístula, com resolução do quadro e ganho de acuidade visual. A enxertia de retalho escleral de doador mostrou-se uma terapia adequada para correção da hipotensão ocular por bolha hiperfiltrante pós trabeculectomia. O cirurgião deve considerar o emprego dessa técnica ao programar a revisão destes casos.


ABSTRACT A female patient with juvenile glaucoma without clinical control underwent a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, and developed eye hypotension which did not respond to conservative treatment, with subsequent hypotonic maculopathy. The patient was treated using a scleral patch provided by a donor above the fistula, which improved intraocular pressure and visual acuity. The use of the scleral patch above the fistula seems an adequate therapy to treat ocular hypotension due to the over-filtering trabeculectomy bubble. The surgeon should consider this technique when planning surgical solutions for such cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Retinal Diseases/surgery , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Sclera/transplantation , Trabeculectomy/adverse effects , Ocular Hypotension/complications , Ocular Hypotension/chemically induced , Macula Lutea/pathology , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Mitomycin/adverse effects , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Macula Lutea/surgery
18.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(12): 1109-1114, Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762913

ABSTRACT

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that may result in blindness. We evaluated the effects of activation of endogenous angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 on the early stages of DR. Rats were administered an intravenous injection of streptozotocin to induce hyperglycemia. The ACE2 activator 1-[[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl] amino]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[[(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl] oxy]-9H-xanthone 9 (XNT) was administered by daily gavage. The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) was evaluated in histological sections, and retinal ACE2, caspase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. XNT treatment increased ACE2 expression in retinas of hyperglycemic (HG) rats (control: 13.81±2.71 area%; HG: 14.29±4.30 area%; HG+XNT: 26.87±1.86 area%; P<0.05). Importantly, ACE2 activation significantly increased the RCG number in comparison with HG animals (control: 553.5±14.29; HG: 530.8±10.3 cells; HG+XNT: 575.3±16.5 cells; P<0.05). This effect was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of caspase-3 in RGC of the HG+XNT group when compared with untreated HG rats (control: 18.74±1.59; HG: 38.39±3.39 area%; HG+XNT: 27.83±2.80 area%; P<0.05). Treatment with XNT did not alter the VEGF expression in HG animals (P>0.05). Altogether, these findings indicate that activation of ACE2 reduced the death of retinal ganglion cells by apoptosis in HG rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Hyperglycemia/complications , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Retinal Diseases/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention/methods , Administration, Oral , Apoptosis , /metabolism , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Cell Survival/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Enzyme Activation , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Immunohistochemistry , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Retinal Diseases/metabolism , Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Streptozocin , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Xanthones/administration & dosage
19.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 78(5): 283-285, Sep.-Oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761528

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate and compare corneal topographic changes following pars plana vitrectomy with the 23-gauge (G) and 25-G transconjuntival sutureless vitrectomy system as well as the standard 20-G vitrectomy system.Methods:We prospectively evaluated corneal topographic changes in 45 eyes of 45 patients divided into three groups according to vitrectomy system used (20-, 23-, and 25-G). All patients underwent computer-assisted videokeratography using an EyeSys System 3000 topographer preoperatively and at one week, one month, and three months postoperatively.Results:In the 20-G vitrectomy group, we found statistically significant postoperative changes in corneal curvature parameters with an average steepening of 0.98 ± 0.18 D (P<0.001) and 0.93 ± 0.21 D (P<0.001) at one week and one month, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed at the three-month follow-up visit. In the 23- and 25-G groups, no statistically significant changes in corneal curvature parameters were observed at any postoperative follow-up visit.Conclusion:Twenty-three-gauge and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy did not induce topographic corneal changes following surgery, whereas 20-G vitrectomy was found to induce transient topographic corneal changes that had returned to preoperative levels at three months postoperatively.


RESUMOObjetivos:Avaliar e comparar as alterações topográficas da córnea após a vitrectomia via pars plana com o sistema transconjuntival sem suturas de 23 gauge (g) e 25 g e com o sistema tradicional de vitrectomia via pars plana 20 g.Método:Neste estudo prospectivo, as alterações topográficas da córnea foram avaliadas em 45 olhos de 45 pacientes, divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com o sistema de vitrectomia utilizado (20, 23 e 25 g). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a topografia corneana computadorizada utilizando-se o topógrafo EyeSys System 3000 antes da cirurgia, e com 1 semana, 1 mês e 3 meses após a cirurgia.Resultados:No período pós-operatório, no grupo de vitrectomia 20 g, foram encontradas alterações estatisticamente significativas nos parâmetros da curvatura corneana estudados, com um aumento médio da curvatura de 0,98 ± 0,18 D (p<0,001) e 0,93 ± 0,21D (p<0,001) após uma semana, e um mês, respectivamente. Não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa na visita realizada 3 meses após a cirurgia. Nos grupos 23 g e 25 g, não se observaram alterações estatisticamente significativas nos parâmetros da curvatura corneana em nenhum dos momentos analisados no pós-operatório.Conclusão:A vitrectomia transconjuntival sem suturas 23 g e 25 g não induziu alterações topográficas da córnea após a cirurgia, enquanto que a vitrectomia 20 g induziu alterações topográficas da córnea transitórias que retornaram aos níveis pré-operatórios três meses após a cirurgia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cornea/surgery , Corneal Topography/methods , Vitrectomy/methods , Astigmatism/etiology , Cornea/pathology , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Suture Techniques , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity , Vitrectomy/adverse effects
20.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 41(4): 661-668, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763062

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTPurpose:To assess whether retinal and central nervous system (CNS) comorbidities are risk factors for complications following robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of our RALP database identified 1868 patients who underwent RALP by a single surgeon between December 10, 2003-March 14, 2014. We hypothesized that patients with preexisting retinal or CNS comorbidities were at a greater risk of suffering retinal and CNS complications following RALP. Perioperative complications and risk of recurrence were graded using the Clavien and D'Amico systems, respectively.Results:40 (2.1%) patients had retinal or CNS-related comorbidities, of which 15 had a history of retinal surgery and 24 had a history of cerebrovascular accident, aneurysm and/or neurosurgery. One additional patient had a history of both retinal and CNS events.Patients with retinal or CNS comorbidities were significantly older, had elevated PSA levels and CCI (Charlson Comorbidity Index) scores than the control group. Blood loss, length of stay, surgical duration, BMI, diagnostic Gleason score and T-stage were not statistically different between groups.No retinal or CNS complications occurred in either group. The distribution of patients between D'Amico risk categories was not statistically different between the groups. There was also no difference in the incidence of total complications between the groups.Conclusions:RALP-associated retinal and CNS complications are rare. While our RALP database is large, the cohort of patients with retinal or CNS-related comorbidities was relatively small. Our dataset suggests retinal and CNS pathology presents no greater risk of suffering from perioperative complications following RALP.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laparoscopy/methods , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prostatectomy/adverse effects , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Stroke/etiology , Comorbidity , Central Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Head-Down Tilt/adverse effects , Incidence , Operative Time , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/epidemiology , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/etiology , Perioperative Period , Prostatectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke/epidemiology
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